Determining peak altitude on maps, books and cartographic materials: Multidisciplinary implications
公開日 2021年03月24日
国際観光学研究センター（CTR）専任研究員であるJoseph M. Cheer特任教授らによる共著論文がオープンアクセス誌「Remote Sensing」に掲載されました。
論文タイトル
Determining peak altitude on maps, books and cartographic materials: Multidisciplinary implications
著者
Kamil Maciuk, Department of Integrated Geodesy and Cartography, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Michal Apollo, Department of Tourism and Regional Studies, Institute of Geography, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
Joseph M. Cheer, Center for Tourism Research, Wakayama University, Wakayama-city, Japan
Ond?ej Kone?ný, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Krystian Kozio?, Department of Integrated Geodesy and Cartography, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Jacek Kudrys, Department of Integrated Geodesy and Cartography, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Joanna Mostowska, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Marta Róg, Department of Integrated Geodesy and Cartography, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Bogdan Skorupa, Department of Integrated Geodesy and Cartography, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Stanis?aw Szombara, Department of Integrated Geodesy and Cartography, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
書誌事項
Remote Sensing, 2021, 13(6), 1111; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061111
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1111
*Scopus収録ジャーナル
https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/86430
要旨
Mountain peaks and their altitude have been of interest to researchers across disciplines. Measurement methods and techniques have changed and developed over the years, leading to more accurate measurements and, consequently, more accurate determination of peak altitudes. This research transpired due to the frequency of misstatements found in existing sources including books, maps, guidebooks and the Internet. Such inaccuracies have the potential to create controversy, especially among peak-baggers in pursuit of climbing the highest summits. The Polish Sudetes Mountains were selected for this study; 24 summits in the 14 mesoregions were measured. Measurements were obtained employing the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR), both modern and highly precise techniques. Moreover, to determine the accuracy of measurements, several of the summits were measured using a mobile phone as an additional method. We compare GNSS vs. LiDAR and verify the level of confidence of peak heights obtained by automatic methods from LiDAR data alone. The GNSS receiver results showed a discrepancy of approximately 10 m compared with other information sources examined. Findings indicate that the heights of peaks presented in cartographic materials are inaccurate, especially in lesser-known mountain ranges. Furthermore, among all the mountain ranges examined, the results demonstrated that five of the summits were no longer classed as the highest, potentially impacting tourist perceptions and subsequent visitation. Overall, due to the topographical relief characteristics and varying vegetation cover of mountains, we argue that the re-measuring procedure should comprise two steps: (1) develop high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) based on LiDAR; (2) assumed heights should be measured using precise GNSS receivers. Unfortunately, due to the time constraints and the prohibitive costs of GNSS, LiDAR continues to be the most common source of new altitude data.
キーワード
altitude determination; cartography; GNSS; LiDAR; mountains
